Formerly classified in the genera eubacterium and actinomyces, a suis is a grampositive, rodshaped bacterium that grows well under anaerobic conditions and. Actinobaculum suis, initially described as eubacterium suis, was reclassified as actinomyces suis in 1992. Antimicrobial treatment must be given by injection early in the condition to be successful. Sow infection occurs through contact with a contaminated environment or. Draft genome sequence of actinobaculum massiliense strain fc3. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a polymerase chain reaction pcr for the detection and identification of a. Actinobaculum schaalii is an emerging pathogen particularly involved in urinary tract infection of elderly people andor patient with urological risk factors of urinary tract infection. Actinobaculum was isolated from urine only after prolonged incubation in 5% co 2 after discrepancy between urine gram stain and initial culture results was observed. Actinobaculum, which is phylogenetically related to actinomyces, was initially described by lawson et al. Additional patients were diagnosed using this method. Actinobaculum is a genus of grampositive nonsporulating rods in the family actinomycetaceae. Upon validation, this name was corrected from actinobaculum massiliae sic to actinobaculum massiliense. Actinobaculum suis detection using polymerase chain reaction. Actinotignum schaalii formerly known as actinobaculum schaalii is a bacterium first isolated from human blood cultures.
Porcine cystitispyelonephritis complex urinary system. We report 12 patients with actinobaculum bacteremia. Research actinobaculum schaalii, a common uropathogen. Characterization of some actinomyceslike isolates from.
Pdf actinobaculum schaalii invasive pathogen or innocent. Actinobaculum images partners infectious disease images. Urosepsis with actinobaculum schaalii and aerococcus urinae. Complete genome sequence of actinobaculum schaalii strain. Actinobaculum massiliae, a new species causing chronic urinary. Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. Actinobaculum suis wikispecies, free species directory. It is a grampositive, facultative anaerobic coccoid rod, considered a human pathogen. Latin massiliense, of or pertaining to massilia, the latin name of marseille, where the organism was isolated. Actinobaculum urinale, isolated from the urine of two patients with urinary tract infections utis, and actinobaculum massiliae, isolated from the urine of a patient. We identified 26 major emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.
Actinobaculum schaalii invasive pathogen or innocent. Actinobaculum schaalii is a small grampositive coccoid rod that requires co 2 for optimal growth. Actinobaculum schaalii an emerging pediatric pathogen. The genome also exhibits 693 genes acquired by lateral gene transfer. They classified the human strains in a new species called actinobaculum schaalii. Actinobaculum massiliae, a new species causing chronic. Actinobaculum suis is an important agent related to urinary infection in swine females. Actinobaculum species are anaerobic grampositive rods that have previously been associated with urinary tract infection uti in the elderly. This new edition has been completely revised to include the latest information, developments, and research in the field.
The authors proposed a reclassification of actinomyces suis as actinobaculum suis type species and further described a new species from five clinical isolates two blood cultures and three urine samples, actinobaculum schaalii. Pdf actinobaculum schaalii is a grampositive, facultative anaerobic coccoid rod. In vitro susceptibility of actinobaculum schaalii to 12. Actinobaculum schaalii was first described as a causative agent for human infection in 1997. Actinomyces and related organisms in human infections. Actinobaculum suis and trueperella pyogenes flashcards by. Sow infection occurs through contact with a contaminated environment or through natural mating with carrier boars. Diseases of swine, 11th edition pdf veterinary ebooks. Actinobaculum suis, a specific urinary pathogen, is an important cause of ascending infection in swine.
The bacterium is considered to be a part of the normal flora in the genital and urinary tract area 2. Its taxonomy was further modified in 1997 by lawson et al. Characterization of some actinomyceslike isolates from human clinical specimens. Actinobaculum schaalii is an emerging commensal uropathogen in the genus actinobaculum phylum actinobacteria, class actinobacteria, order actinobacteridae, family actinomycetales closely related to the genera actinomyces and arcanobacterium. Its importance has probably been underestimated and other actinobaculum spp. Actinobaculum massiliense strain fc3 was isolated from the urine of a patient with acute cystitis. Actinobaculum schaalii was first described in 1997 and named after klaus p. Their detection and identification in clinical microbiology laboratories and recognition as pathogens in clinical settings can be challenging. Actinobaculum schaalii, a common uropathogen in elderly. A new genus, actinobaculum, was first proposed in 1997 after the organism actinomyces suis, known to cause metritis in pigs, was found to have significant genotypic and phylogenetic differences from other actinomyces spp. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel actinomyces species have been described. Since the 1950s, medical communities have been facing with emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, and emerging pathogens are now considered to be a major microbiologic public health threat. These bacteria are small, grampositive, facultative anaerobic, co 2requiring coccoid rods.
Based on its biochemical characteristics, the unidentified bacterium did not correspond to any currently described actinomyces species or related taxa. Due to its fastidious growth characteristics, the isolation. Actinobaculum schaalii, a new cause of knee prosthetic. Based on the results of the present and earlier phylogenetic investigations, it is proposed that actinomyces suis should be reclassified in a new genus, the genus actinobaculum, as actinobaculum suis comb.
Urinary tract infection caused by actinobaculum schaalii. Based on the results of the present and earlier phylogenetic investigations, it is proposed that actinomyces suis should be reclassified in a new genus, the genus actinobaculum, as actinobaculum. The first case was an immunocompromised patient with an extensive cellulitis secondary to an inguinal abscess, and the second case was a. Small colonies with raised shiny centre and dull edge up to 3 mm in diameter. Pdf hosted at the radboud repository of the radboud university. Biohazard level, growth media and temperature, gram stain, industrial applications and more information for actinobaculum suis. The genus actinobaculum suis is well known in veterinary medicine and causes uti and metritis in sows.
Actinobaculum is a recently described genus, of which actinobaculum suis is the type species 7. Actinobaculum suis is a grampositive anaerobic rod bacterium involved in serious forms of urinary infection in gilt swine that result in hematuria, cystitis, and pyelonephritis, which can cause animal death. This name became validly published when it appeared on validation list no. This microorganism is a difficulttodiagnose pathogen and is rarely involved in systemic or deep infections. Pdf actinobaculum suis detection using polymerase chain. Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by actinobaculum schaalii. Actinobaculum eubacterium suis, an organism that is restricted as a pathogen to pigs, causes sporadic outbreaks of peracute to chronic cystitis, ureteritis and pyelonephritis in sows, characterized clinically by the passage of turbid and bloodstained urine. In 1997 with the help of 16s rrna sequencing, laws on and al. Skin and softtissue infections caused by actinobaculum. Actinobaculum eubacterium suis, an organism that is restricted as a pathogen to pigs, causes sporadic outbreaks of peracute to chronic cystitis, ureteritis and.
The cbs also harbored more common uropathogens, such as proteus mirabilis and aerococcus urinae, supporting the notion that a. This retrospective study comprises all known cases of a. Read agreement with the society are now eligible for feefree open access. Diseases of swine, 11th edition diseases of swine has been the definitive reference on swine health and disease for over 60 years. Pdf actinobaculum suis is an important agent related to urinary infection in swine females. Isolation and identification is challenging and often needs molecular techniques. Due to its fastidious growth characteristics, the isolation of this anaerobic bacterium is difficult, thus impairing the estimation of its prevalence. A hitherto undescribed actinomyceslike bacterium was isolated from human urine. Actinobaculum suis detection using polymerase chain. Actinobacillus suis, characterized by biochemical properties, has been associated with infection of horses kim et al 1976, harbourne et al 1978, carman and hodges 1982, jang et al 1987, and septicemia in foals nelson et al 1996. Actinobaculum suis, initially described as eubacterium suis 7, was reclassified as actinomyces suis in 1992 4. Since then it has mainly been reported causing urinary tract infections uti in elderly individuals with underlying urological diseases. Actinobaculum schaalii is a grampositive, facultative anaerobic, nonmotile coccoid rod, classified as a new genus in 1997.
Now with full color images throughout, this comprehensive and authoritative resource has been redesigned for improved. Actinomycetaceae are a family of bacteria including numerous parasitic and pathogenic forms. Comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing showed that the unknown bacterium exhibits a specific phylogenetic association with the genus actinobaculum, but a sequence. Actinobaculum massiliense, a grampositive anaerobic coccoid rod colonizing the human urinary tract, belongs to the taxonomic class of actinobacteria. Common name isynonym iother names i corynebacterium suis soltys and spratling 1957 atcc 33144 actinobaculum suis wegienek and reddy 1982 lawson et al. To assess the in vitro susceptibility of actinobaculum schaalii to 12 antimicrobial agents as well as to dissect the genetic basis of.
The prevalence of actinobaculum species in urinary tract infections is underestimated since it is not isolated by routine urine culture procedures. Study actinobaculum suis and trueperella pyogenes flashcards from s bs class online, or in brainscapes iphone or android app. Here, we report the first case of prosthetic joint infection due to a. This article cites 9 articles, 5 of which can be accessed free at. Actinobaculum schaalii is recognized as a facultative anaerobic uropathogen. The genus contains four species including basonyms and synonyms, namely. Final lecture veterinary medicine 7354 with snider at. Actinobaculum schaalii, a commensal of the urogenital area. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about their.