The coastal regions especially tana river, kilifi and kwale have the highest income inequality in the country at 0. The afrobarometer team in kenya, led by the institute for. The national gender equality commission is a constitutional commission with the objectives of promoting gender equality and freedom from discrimination. At present, in africa mostly violated and then comes the rest of the world where gender inequality is perceived to bloom. Through various policies and interventions, the government has tried to reverse the discriminative effects of colonial. According to dpmf 2012, access to education in kenya can be traced to colonial policy on development. An inequality perspective of education structure and performance in kenya 157 gituro wainaina 6. Gender inequality in administration of secondary schools. Inequality in kenya introduction after independence, the few educated kenyans easily acquired wealth, without competition, and major changes since then has spawned few rich people because this group perfected ways of ensuring that wealth does not leak out, including marrying among themselves. Women participate less in the labour market than men, and womens wages have been found to be significantly lower than mens.
It is furthermore considered a causal factor of violence against women. The top 10 percent richest households in kenya control more than 40 percent of the countrys income. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do. Agreed, gender equality is much needed in todays time. Cameroon and tanzania united republic of show losses due to 34. The nyanza province has some of the highest poverty rates in kenya. Usaid supports kenya in their journey to selfreliance. Kenya gender inequality index per county humanitarian.
Gender inequality is the disparity in power status and prestige between people who identify themselves as men and women. Kenyas draft national gender equality and womens empowerment policy. Regional disparities and marginalisation in kenya 1 introduction and overview since attaining political independence in 1963, kenya has been grappling with the persistent problem of unbalanced regional development. The impact of gender inequality in education on income in. Pdf on jul 1, 2017, meshack mutua published how effective has the education policy been in addressing gender inequality in kenya. Blogs african institute for development policy afidep. World bank document e paper investigates the structure and dynamics of con sumption inequality and inequality of opportunity in tanzania. Gender disparities in kenyan education are the differences in outcomes observed between different sexes in the republic of kenya. Most african countries continue to lag behind the rest of the world on womens participation in development, in large part. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
An audit from an income and gender inequalities perspective. Park, fao, and patience mutopo, cologne centre for african studies, university of cologne, germany. In kenya, the 2010 constitution introduced a twothird gender. Since representation is important in the allocation of resources, laws have been passed to guarantee gender parity in decisionmaking. Kenya represents a diverse group of religious groups. The gender equality index the structure of the gender equality index is shown in figure 1. Gender and education in kenya and realignment of education to the constitution dr. What is much less clear is what sorts of variation are possible, and what sorts of.
Assessing 60 leading companies on workplace equality. The index measures gender equality across three dimensions, and each dimension draws on a series of indicators. Countries are scored in each of the three dimensions, and overall, on a scale from 0 to 100, with 100 representing perfect gender equality. However, when the value is discounted for inequality, the hdi falls to 0. This is in fact, not very much than it is now asserted in different countries. Inequality in kenyas health sector 97 othieno nyanjom 5. This paper is also concerned with the relationship between gender inequality and income per capita in developing countries. Gender inequality still exists in kenya the standard. Kenya commits to achieving gender equality by 2030 daily. Specifically, gender disparities allude to one sex being disadvantaged over the other in experiences and outcomes. Economic policy is not only creating extreme inequality, but also holding back womens economic empowerment. Official educational policy states that the first three years of schooling class one to three, should be in the mother tongue, or the indigenous language spoken in. As such, it is concerned with the instrumental effects of gender equality in education.
The roots of gender inequality in developing countries. This study explored factors causing gender inequality in education in korogwe districts secondary. An inequality and welfare analysis of kenyas agricultural sector 253 gem argwingskodhek 8. They are making mens lives pathetic, labeling them as. It should be to create an enabling environment for people to enjoy long, healthy and creative lives, to be. Gender inequality in education is a serious problem in tanzania since independence in 1961. Gender inequality, poverty and human development in kenya. The kenyan case socio economic conditions in kenya are deteriorating, and poverty rates are on the rise. The average loss due to inequality for medium hdi countries is 25. Kenya kenya, which has more than 40 indigenous languages termed mother tongues, has two official languages, english and kiswahili. Yet there is still disparity in the social history of gender relations in. The kenyan case socioeconomic conditions in kenya are deteriorating, and poverty rates are on the rise. For more than two decades, the goal of reducing gender inequality has. Hdx data team bot updated the dataset kenya gender inequality index per county over 4 years ago hdx cj hendrix added the extra subnational to the dataset kenya gender inequality index per.
In the present context, there is no comprehensive data and analysis of administration of secondary schools based on gender at the national level. Issues like genderbased violence have remained pervasive. One dimension of gender inequality that has been neglected in the current mdg framework, has been the underlying drivers of gender inequality or discriminatory social institutions social norms, laws and practices that restrict women and girls access to opportunities, resources and power. It is widely acknowledged that investing in women and girls translates to broader social and economic impact, an approach referred to as smart economics, the double dividend of gender equality, or the efficiency approach to women in development. According to kenya national bureau of statistics knbs, the northern part of the country has lowest income inequality. Gender inequality is a result of the persistent discrimination of one group of people based upon gender and it manifests itself differently according to race, culture, politics, country, and economic situation. The barriers that constrain women are multifaceted. Organised by the centre now institute for womens studies and gender analysis at egerton, in conjunction with the department of comparative and applied sciences at the university of hull, it brought together.
Pdf how effective has the education policy been in addressing. For example, despite 96% of kenya s rural women population working on farms, only 6% of the women in kenya hold a title to land. Secondly, in all indicators examined, gender inequality is a severe obstacle to social development, but addressing gender inequality will never alone be sufficient for poverty reduction. The distribution of power in gender relations have tended to favour masculinity. Martine odhiambo oleche lecturer of economics, school of economics, university of nairobi. Understanding gender inequalities in kenya, held at egerton university, kenya, from 5th to 8th april 2004. In kenya, availability of gender disaggregated data is limited.
Geoffrey wango, mercy musomi, carolyn akinyi page 4 itp human rights towards gender equality semina r gender and education realignment of education to the constitution 2012 gender, youth and other vulnerable groups as key to social, economic and political. A recurring theme throughout out the lse commission on gender, inequality and power is the decisive impact of the economic crisis of 2008 on gender relations. Welcome to the national gender and equality commission. The main development goal of kenyan government is to raise economic growth and reduce gender inequality. Tackling the root causes of gender inequalities in the. Accepted 14 december, 2009 poverty is a dehumanising condition for every one. A person living there can expect to live about 16 years less than someone living in the central province. Economic growth and gender inequalities in labor force participation and education in kenya jescah nakhungu indangasi senior economist, ministry of transport, infrastructure, housing and urban development, kenya ports authority kpa, mombasa, kenya. Political drivers of inequality in kenya springerlink.
It focuses on gender equality and womens empowerment. Kenyan firms struggling with gender inequality, corruption. National gender and equality commission 5 issue 1 no. This paper deals with the way in which gender mainstreaming and empowerment are conceptualised in the policy, strategy and evaluation documents within the nongovernmental organisation ngo actionaid kenya aak, the swedish government through the swedish international development cooperation agency sida and the kenyan government. The report describes a continent limited in its potential by serious problems. The few comparative studies of inequalities in education in kenya stem from the 1960s and 1970s, and are mostly based on regional and socioeconomic factors. A kenyan context elishiba njambi kimani1 and donald kisilu kombo2 1department of gender and development studies, kenyatta university, nairobi, kenya. An act of parliament to establish the national gender and equality commission as a successor to the kenya national human rights and. Create safe spaces for women and girls, so they can live free from genderbased violence. Teaching english as a second language in kenya and the. Gender inequality is not new in traditional african society.
Economic growth and gender inequalities in labor force. The effects of gender inequality are evident in so many aspects of the lives of women and girls in kenya. Their safety, health and economic empowerment are still influenced by the fact that they. Significant and rising incidence of absolute poverty occurs in kenya and women are more likely to be in poverty than men. Little is known about the extent of ethnic inequalities in education in kenya, and whether it is an important factor influencing the effectiveness of the education system.
This illuminates the general picture of gender inequality in access to secondary school administrative positions in kenya. In the 2015 global gender gap report, kenya ranked 48 out of 145 countries. Unemployment more females are unemployed compared to the males. The overarching goal for ngec is to contribute to the reduction of gender inequalities and the discrimination against all. The poorest 10 percent control less than one percent. Intersectionality marginalisation and gender tax inequality in kenya. This considerable gender inequality in nonagricultural employment might place an increasing burden on an outwardoriented growth strategy in uganda. Organised by the centre now institute for womens studies and gender analysis at egerton, in conjunction with the department of comparative and applied sciences at the university of. Inequality has been a subject of political and academic discourse in kenya since independence rothchild, 1969. What are the causes of gender inequality in tanzania. Supportive legal framework the kenya constitution has been hailed as one of the most progressive constitutions in the world. Gender inequality 3 other times and places, women have had considerable autonomy and control over their bodies and activities. Gender and education and realignment of education to the. Not surprisingly, kenya is ranked 103 out of 169 countries, making it the 66th most unequal country in the world knbs and sid, 20.